Countries & programs

Portugal offers one of Europe's most established residency-by-investment routes (the Golden Visa) plus a residence-to-citizenship track. A May 2026 nationality-law amendment materially changed naturalization timelines — route pages select the correct rule version for each cohort.

3 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Greece's Golden Visa is a long-standing real-estate investment route granting a 5-year renewable residence permit. Tiered investment thresholds make it one of the lower-cost EU residency options. Official pages contain legacy threshold material that must be cross-checked against current law before any quote.

2 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Austria's residence routes are strongly points-based (Red-White-Red Card) and tied to labour, education and economic contribution, rather than a pure investment purchase. A citizenship-by-investment 'pilot' has been referenced in media but is not an established purchasable route.

0 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Cyprus publishes an expedited investor immigration-permit policy under Regulation 6(2), with a €300,000 qualifying investment floor plus income and continuing-condition requirements.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

The U.S. does not sell a 'second passport.' Immigrant visas are category-based (employment, family, investment EB-5, diversity). EB-5 is the closest to investment-based immigration and carries substantial capital and conditionality requirements.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Singapore's GIP is a merit-based residence-for-high-value-investors scheme. It grants long-term residency, not an instant passport; citizenship is rare and requires substantial integration. A separate EntrePass route serves startup founders.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Antigua & Barbuda grants full citizenship (not residence) to qualifying investors and their families through three established options: government-fund donation, real estate, or an approved private fund. Processing is fast and the passport carries strong international access.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Dominica's official citizenship-by-investment programme offers an Economic Diversification Fund contribution and government-approved real estate, both subject to authorised-agent filing, interview and due diligence.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Spain's investor-residence route closed to new applications from 3 April 2025. The record is retained for historical and existing-holder research, alongside separate naturalization information.

2 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

St. Kitts & Nevis grants full citizenship for a qualifying fund contribution (from US$250,000) or an approved property investment (from US$400,000, 5-year hold), with no residence requirement and fast processing. Its passport carries strong global access and UK e-gate eligibility.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-19

Argentina combines territorial citizenship by birth, family and residence-based permanent status, and a naturalization route currently requiring two continuous legal years immediately before filing.

3 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Brazil recognizes citizenship for most children born in its territory, provides family-reunion residence for qualifying relatives, and reduces ordinary naturalization residence to one year for specified parents and spouses.

3 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Mexico provides nationality by birth in its territory, direct permanent-residence grounds for defined family links, and five-year or reduced two-year naturalization categories.

3 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Canada combines citizenship by birth for most people born in the country, selection-based permanent residence through Express Entry, and citizenship after the current 1,095-day physical-presence test.

3 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Grenada operates a government citizenship-by-investment program through a National Transformation Fund contribution or an approved-project investment, with authorised-agent filing, due diligence and an interview.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Saint Lucia's official citizenship program offers national-fund, approved-real-estate, approved-enterprise and National Action Bond routes through licensed authorised agents.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Türkiye permits applications for exceptional citizenship through certified property, capital, deposit, bond, fund, pension or job-creation routes, subject to the presidential decision and security review.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Nauru's Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program uses a Treasury Fund contribution, licensed agents, due diligence, an interview and an oath of allegiance.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Italy's official Investor Visa offers a two-year residence route through an innovative startup, Italian company, philanthropic initiative or government bonds, renewable for three years if maintained.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

The Malta Permanent Residence Programme grants permanent residence to eligible third-country nationals who meet property, contribution, donation, asset and due-diligence conditions through a licensed agent.

2 tracked routes · research cutoff 2026-09-21

The UAE Golden Visa provides renewable five- or ten-year residence for qualifying investors, entrepreneurs, specialised talent, students and other defined categories without a traditional sponsor.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Panama's Qualified Investor category offers permanent residence through a qualifying B/.300,000 investment from foreign-source funds, certified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

São Tomé and Príncipe operates a newer citizenship-by-investment programme administered by a dedicated Citizenship by Investment Unit, with sovereign approval and due diligence.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Egypt's Council of Ministers publishes citizenship routes based on a treasury contribution, real estate, an investment project or a qualifying deposit.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Jordan's 2026 investor criteria connect citizenship or staged temporary-passport outcomes to productive capital, listed shares, job creation and continuing compliance.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Vanuatu's Citizenship Commission lists several investor categories, including the Development Support Program, CIIP and Real Estate Option Program, with designated-agent filing and enhanced due diligence.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Hungary's Guest Investor Residence Permit offers a long-duration residence route through a qualifying fund share or higher-education donation, without turning the investment into citizenship.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Latvia publishes temporary-residence routes for qualifying real-estate owners and investors in Latvian company share capital, each with its own asset and compliance tests.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

New Zealand's Active Investor Plus Resident Visa uses a NZD 5 million Growth category or NZD 10 million Balanced category, with different investment periods and physical-presence rules.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21

Hong Kong's New Capital Investment Entrant Scheme combines a HKD 30 million net-asset test with a HKD 30 million investment structure and continuing portfolio compliance.

1 tracked route · research cutoff 2026-09-21